Can our cities feed themselves?

Probably not, if any of the forced, large-scale autarkic regimes (national economies that have been economically isolated, through choice or otherwise) throughout the last hundred years are used as a yardstick of success.
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But it is one of the more compelling utopian food visions, whether presented through the lens of Vasili's Garden's namesake's irrepressible prejudice towards growing nothing but edible plants in your own backyard or through "edible city" projects around the world. It seems to work on a small scale.
How much food can be grown in a home garden? The Vasili Effect.
According to the mail-order group for subversive gardeners, Digger's Club (PDF), 40 square metres of average Aussie backyard can yield 472 kilos of mixed heirloom-variety vegetables each year. This is enough to feed the average family of four Australians a varied diet of plant matter, throughout each passing season.
It looks eminently achievable to dig up the average lawn of the suburban quarter acre block, sow it year round with seeds, compost the kitchen scraps and recycle your waste water. This plan (PDF) even includes a frog pond, if you're in need of an extra source of protein for that permaculture cred; and also concedes the backyard to culturally important barbecue area, space to kick a football and park the car.
There are of course many more costs to bear apart from the psychological scars of frog-hunting: the time needed to be spent tending to the garden; preserving and storing the vegetables each season; and the ability to stomach the blander vegetables, day in and day out, at the grim end of winter. You'll eat buckets of soup to empty your root cellar. You'll miss the taste of ripe bananas (if they still exist).
Can it be expanded to whole cities?
Southeast False Creek in Vancouver is attempting to find out. The site for the 2010 Winter Olympic Village has been designed with sustainable urban agriculture in mind. Their objective is to increase the capacity of the whole downtown neighbourhood to grow food, both private properties and in public parks, and not limit themselves to suburban backyard. According to their strategy, their aims for the physical capacity of the Southeast False Creek neighbourhood include:
- Create public community gardens in the Parks, public open space (including some boulevards in street rights-of-way) and school grounds...
- Design private (backyard) and semi-private (strata) gardens at grade for maximum solar access and ensure soil is free from contamination and of a high quality for agriculture;
- Develop the podiums and rooftops of buildings (especially concrete buildings) in such a way as to support greenhouses and/or rooftop gardens capable of supporting the growing of food;
- Provide balconies for as many units as possible, especially on the east, south and west face of buildings; and
- Create food gardens for students and the surrounding community on school grounds...
...alongside social and political measures to support growing food all within downtown Vancouver.
The problems faced in an urban area are tougher: contaminated soil, lack of light and water; not to mention the "free rider effect" of locals stealing whatever food they need without contributing to the common good. With the cost of food rising, will we need to defend our own gardens?
Comments (8)
Effects of Urban Pollution
There is a report here: http://www.cseindia.org/programme/health/pdf/conf2006/toxins2_aggarwal2.pdf on heavy metal pollutants in urban vegetables in Delhi (which is a whole lot worse than Brunswick). As I understand it, pollutants in the soil tend to be a much worse problem than anything airborne - but I'd love to hear from anyone with real experience in this field.
31 Jul 2008 13:30 AEST
From: Brunswick
What about the effect of urban pollution?
I've been growing a small amount of my own veges and herbs for a while now... but living in inner city Melbourne I worry about the amount of pollution in city-grown vegetables. Does anyone have expertise on this?
23 Jul 2008 11:14 AEST
From: kaleen ACT
Healthy schools
I am starting a kitchen garden at my childrens primary school with Government funding and think it is a great idea to get the next generation growing some food for themselves and to teach them all aspects of food production and it's impact on the enviroment. 450 students plus their families will be involved. One person can make a difference
22 Jul 2008 13:06 AEST
From: Blair Athol, South Australia
Growing food
Those of us who can remember life during WW2 will know that it was possible to grow just about everything a family needed on the standard quarter acre suburban block. All common vegetables - carrots, onions, beans, lettuces, spinach, spuds, tomatoes - and fruit trees - figs, peaches, apricots, apples, grapes. This all needed a lot of effort, but that is what kids were for, the boys to dig the garden, plant things, mow lawns, while the girls helped mum with preserving all the fruit. No TV.
21 Jul 2008 11:41 AEST
From: summer hill
plantaboxes
I live on a first floor apartment, so growing food is more difficult, however last night i ate a delicious omelette which included spinach gown in a week in a plantabox on one of our window sills. delicious, and easy to do.
18 Jul 2008 16:09 AEST
From: St Lucia
Put labours of love on show
Many of the little gardens are more than a production cell though ... they are an artistic extension of the home owners. Let's put them in the Front Yard... and let the kiddies play safe in the back!
17 Jul 2008 18:51 AEST
From: Proston
plant what we can learn to eat what we have
Utopian ideals maybe. Gardens that grow wide diversities of food stuffs for communities in cities like Melbourne are a great success. I would like to see high rises and small gardens growing food in pots or small gardens. Specialise in what you like by the seasons swap with others your excesses or sell at markets. Make like minded friends. Learn to preserve, make sauces and freeze. Food prices, production costs will mean that if we want fresh food instead of a star trek meal we will learn
16 Jul 2008 12:35 AEST
From: Sydney
Eat Sydney
Maybe this project in Sydney will blossom into a beautiful sustainable utopia: http://www.sydneycityfarm.org/
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About this Blog
A blog about what the world eats, when and where it eats it, and why it matters to us all. Only much less ambitious than that sounds and with more excruciating puns.
Phil Lees grew up in rural Victoria, the first generation in his family to not have lived on the farm and thereby not slaughter their own meat.
In 2005 he moved to Cambodia and started the nation’s first food blog, Phnomenon.com, named after the best pun that he has ever made. It turns out that Cambodian food is delicious and unlike the warnings in most guidebooks, is not likely to kill you with any immediacy. Gridskipper called him a “national treasure”. Lonely Planet’s Greater Mekong guide called him “the unofficial pimp of Cambodian cuisine”. The New York Times laughed at a funny hotdog he saw.
Phil makes a mean sausage, a hoppy pale ale, a modest laksa. He owns three barbecues and is in the market for a fourth. He’s never eaten at a Michelin-starred restaurant. There is more important food in the world to be eaten.
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31 Jul 2008 23:29 AEST
Phil Lees
From: Melbourne